Angga Dwinanda

Politeknik Negeri Jember

Warit Abi Nurazaq

Politeknik Negeri Jember

Tunjung Genarsih

Politeknik Negeri Jember

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v18i2.60793 

ABSTRACT 

The integration of renewable fuels into existing diesel infrastructure is essential for addressing global energy demand while reducing greenhouse gas emissions. Biodiesel derived from Calophyllum inophyllum (nyamplung) represents a promising non-edible feedstock due to its high oil yield and sustainability advantages. This study evaluated the effects of gasoline addition on the physicochemical properties of B30 and its ternary blends (B30G10 and B30G20) through experimental testing and surrogate component modeling. Experimental results showed that density decreased from 0.858 g/cm³ (B30) to 0.848 g/cm³ (B30G10) and 0.838 g/cm³ (B30G20), while viscosity dropped from 3.30 mm²/s to 2.69 mm²/s and 2.10 mm²/s, respectively. Flash point was similarly reduced, from 76.9 °C (B30) to 69.7 °C and 60.3 °C with increasing gasoline content. In contrast, calorific value improved, rising from 44.23 MJ/kg (B30) to 45.13 MJ/kg (B30G10) and 46.09 MJ/kg (B30G20). Cetane number also increased notably for B30G20, reaching 54.5 compared to 51.5 for B30. Surrogate modeling reproduced these trends, with simulated density, viscosity, and flash point showing consistent reductions driven by gasoline’s lighter and more volatile composition. Overall, the results indicate that controlled gasoline addition—especially at the 20% level—enhances energy density and key combustion-related properties of biodiesel–diesel blends, supporting their feasibility as sustainable alternative fuels for compression ignition engines.

Keywords: Biodiese-Gasoline Blend, Calophyllum inophyllum, Physical Properties, Surrogate Modeling

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