Bambang Triono

Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya

Junita Nurazizah

Universitas Sunan Giri Surabaya

DOI: https://doi.org/10.19184/rotor.v18i1.53696   

ABSTRACT 

This study aims to analyze the effect of water discharge variation on the performance of a vertical water turbine in a small-scale microhydro power plant (MHP). MHP is a promising renewable energy solution to meet electricity needs in remote areas. The vertical water turbine is selected due to its simple design and its ability to operate under low water flow conditions. The research method used is an experimental approach by varying water discharge as the independent variable, while turbine output power and efficiency are treated as dependent variables. The experiment was conducted using a prototype of a vertical water turbine, with a valve opening system to regulate and maintain a stable water flow. The data collected include turbine rotational speed, torque, water power, and electrical output power. The results show that an increase in water discharge significantly enhances the turbine output power up to an optimum condition. However, the turbine efficiency does not increase linearly, as it reaches a maximum value at a certain discharge before decreasing due to hydraulic energy losses. This indicates the existence of an optimum discharge that provides the best combination of power and efficiency. Therefore, water discharge variation plays a crucial role in determining the performance of vertical water turbines in MHP systems. These findings can serve as a basis for designing and operating more efficient and effective small-scale MHP systems, particularly in areas with limited water resources.

Keywords: Microhydro system, vertical turbine, flow rate variation, turbine efficiency, tower generation, renewable energy.

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